Capstone:项目与要求(第 29–30 课)

1. A = diag(1,2),b = (1,1)ᵀ → |b⟩ = (|0⟩+|1⟩)/√2

2. 取 m = 2、t = π/2:φ₀ = λ₀t/2π = 1/4 = 0.01₂,φ₁ = 1/2 = 0.10₂——QPE 精确读出

3. C = λ_min = 1:λ = 1 → θ = 2arcsin(1) = π(|1⟩ 分量振幅 1);λ = 2 → θ = 2arcsin(1/2) = π/3(振幅 1/2)

4. P₁ = ½·1² + ½·(1/2)² = 5/8 ≥ 1/κ² = 1/4 ✓(κ = 2)

5. 成功分支 |x⟩ = (2|0⟩+|1⟩)/√5:P(0) = 4/5、P(1) = 1/5,正比于 A⁻¹b = (1, 1/2)ᵀ ✓

类型worked-example + formula-card