- 命题框:$Z_0 Z_1 = Z\otimes Z$,测量结果 = 两个比特各自 Z 读数之积(联合测量,不是单比特测量)
- 方法一(公式法,逐行):
- $(Z\otimes Z)|\Phi^+\rangle = (1/\sqrt{2})[(+1)(+1)|00\rangle + (-1)(-1)|11\rangle] = (1/\sqrt{2})(|00\rangle + |11\rangle) = |\Phi^+\rangle$
- $|\Phi^+\rangle$ 是 $Z\otimes Z$ 的本征态、本征值 $+1$ → $\langle Z_0 Z_1\rangle = \langle\Phi^+|\Phi^+\rangle = 1$
- 方法二(概率法,逐项):结果 00($P = 1/2$,积 $(+1)\times(+1) = +1$)+ 结果 11($P = 1/2$,积 $(-1)\times(-1) = +1$)+ 结果 01/10($P = 0$)→ $(+1)(1/2) + (+1)(1/2) = 1$
- 结果框(大数字 1):$\langle Z_0\rangle = 0$、$\langle Z_1\rangle = 0$,但 $\langle Z_0 Z_1\rangle = 1$——单独无信息、联合完全正相关;贝尔态强关联的定量刻画
类型worked-example(本课高潮,重点页)