1. H_P = ½·Σ_{(i,j)∈E}(Z_iZ_j − I)(符号取反得平凡解);谱核对:全同组态(2 个)→ ½(3−3) = 0,单翻转组态(6 个)→ ½(1−3) = −2 ⟹ ‖H_P‖ = 2、基态 6 重简并;‖H_B‖ = 3、‖H′‖ ≤ 5
2. 对称扇区偶宇称块 H_even(s) = [[0, −√3(1−s)], [−√3(1−s), −2]];两能级公式 Δ = √(对角差² + 4·非对角²) = √(4 + 12(1−s)²) = 2√(1+3(1−s)²) ∈ [2, 4] ⟹ 有效 Δ_min = 2(朴素估计仅 0.5)
3. ε = 0.1:T ≥ ‖H′‖/(εΔ_min²) = 5/(0.1×4) = 12.5 → 取 T = 15
4. 冻结:r ≥ T‖H′‖/2ε = 75/0.2 = 375;Trotter:‖[H_B,H_P]‖ ≤ 2·‖H_B‖·‖H_P‖ = 12 → r ≥ T²·12/4ε = 225×12/0.4 = 6750(大数字)
5. 注:数值实验中 r ~ 10 已近成功概率 1——可证界远松于实际
- 算例 2(TFIM 临界):ε_k = 2√(J²+h²−2Jh·cos k),Δ = min_k ε_k = 2|J−h| = 2|2s−1|;临界 s = ½ 处 ε_k = 2|sin(k/2)|、最小非零动量 k_min = 2π/n → Δ_min = 2·sin(π/n) ≈ 2π/n(n = 100 → ≈ 0.063;有限尺寸标度,非 Goldstone);线性 O(n³) → 局域 O(n²)
- 算例 3(绝热搜索):Δ(s) = √((2s−1)² + 4s(1−s)/N),最小在 s* = ½ → Δ_min = 1/√N(N = 10⁶ → 10⁻³);‖H′‖:秩 1 投影之差矩阵迹 0、行列式 −(1−1/N) → 本征值 ±√(1−1/N);Roland–Cerf 换元 u = 2s−1(4s(1−s) = 1−u²)+ ∫du/(1+(N−1)u²) = (1/√(N−1))·arctan(√(N−1)·u) → T = (√N/ε)·arctan√(N−1) = (π/2ε)·√N;演算 N = 10⁶、ε = 0.1:T ≈ (π/2)×1000/0.1 ≈ 1.57×10⁴,线性调度 O(N/ε) = 10⁷ → 省 (2/π)·√N ≈ 637 倍——精确复现 Grover